Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. Small stones may pass in the urine without trouble, but larger stones can block the flow of urine and cause severe pain.
Common symptoms
- Sharp pain in the side or back, often spreading to the lower abdomen or groin
- Blood in the urine, or pink or brown urine
- Burning or frequent urination
- Nausea or vomiting with the pain
- Fever with pain, which needs urgent attention
Why do stones form?
Not drinking enough water is the most common reason, especially in hot weather. Diet, family history, certain medical conditions and some medicines can also increase the risk.
Treatment options
Small stones are often treated with medicines, pain relief and plenty of fluids. Larger or blocking stones may need a procedure: URSL or RIRS, where a thin scope and laser break the stone through the natural urine passage, or PCNL for large kidney stones through a small puncture in the back. None of these need large cuts.
How to prevent stones coming back
- Drink enough water to keep your urine light-coloured
- Limit extra salt and packaged food
- Follow the diet advice your urologist gives for your stone type
- Get regular check-ups if you have had stones before
This article is for general awareness only. Every patient is different, so please consult a qualified doctor before deciding on any treatment.
Part of the Surgery Wallah team of surgical specialists in Noida.
